References

A

Anthes, E. (2010) “Their pain, our gain,” Scientific American Mind, Vol. 21(5):38-41, Nov./Dec.

Anthes, E. (2010B) “How to be a good gossip,” Psychology Today, May/June, 43(3):58-59

Aronson, E. (2001) Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine. New York: Henry Holt & Company, LLC

Astor, R.A., Meyer, H.A., Behre, W.J. (1999) “Unowned places and times: Maps and interviews about violence in high schools.” American Educational Research Journal, 36(1), 3-42

B

Baldry, A.C. (1998) “Bullying among Italian middle school students,” Sch psychol Int., 19, 361-374

Barboza, D. (2010) “A life of guns, drugs, and now, killing, all at 6.” New York Times, March 2

Barker, R. Gump, P.V. (1964) Big School, Small School: High School Size and Student Behavior. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press

Bartz, A. (2011) “Sense and sensitivity,” Psychology Today, Vol. 44(4): 72-79, July/Aug.

Beckford, A. (2010) “Nurture to stop bullying,” USA Today Letter to Editor, Oct. 28, 2010, p. 9A

Bower, B. (2010) “Gene exacerbates harm of bullying,” Science News, Vol. 177(13): 10, June 19

Bronson, P., Merryman, A. (2009) “See baby discriminate,” Newsweek, Sept. 14, pp. 53 – 6 0

Broughton, J. (1978) “Development of concepts of self, mind, reality, and knowledge.” In W. Damon (Ed.) Social Cognition: New Directions for Child Development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass

Burns, C.P. (2011) “Down Time,” Family Circle, Sept., pp. 186-190

C

Chandler, K., Nolin, M.J., Davies, E. (1995) Student Strategies to Avoid Harm at School: Statistics in Brief. National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, NCES, 95-203, 1-7

Choi, C.Q. (2005) “How teenagers find themselves.” Scientific American Mind, Feb./March, Vol. 20(1 ):8-9

Clark, T. (2008) “The 81/2 laws of rumor spread,” Psychology Today, Dec., Vol. 41(6):80-86

Cloud, J. (2010) “Bullied to death?” Time, Oct. 18, pp. 60-63

Cloud, J. (2012, March 12) “The myths of bullying,” Time Magazine, pp. 40-45

Cohn, A., Canter, A. (2003) Bullying: Facts for Schools & Parents. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists

Colino, S. (2010) “Bully-proof your child,” Parents, Oct., pp. 60-

Comer, J. (1993) School Power: Implications for an Intervention Project. New York: Free Press

Copeland, W. E ., Wolke, D., Angold , A., Costello, E. J. (2013 ) “Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence.” JAMA Psychiatry, Feb. 20

Costello, V. (2012) “A mind in danger,” Scientific American Mind, Vol. 23(1):30-37

Crary, D. (2011) “Sexual harassment: ‘Normal’ part of school?” USA Today, Nov. 7, p. 30

Crisp, E. (2011) “Some schools stow hallway lockers.” USA Today, Nov. 15, p.3A

D

D’Andrea, N. (2015) “Bully Pulpit,” Arizona Magazine, Sept., pp. 24-29

DeBord, K., Moore, S. (2011) Bully Proofing for Teachers of 4-8 Year Olds. North Carolina State University, Accessed online July 2011 from www.ces.ncsu.edu

Dickerson, S., Kemeny, M. (2004) “Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research.” Psychological Bulletin, 130, pp. 355-91

E

Eisenberger, N., Lieberman, M. (2004) “Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain.” Science, 87, pp. 294-300

Elias, M.(2009) “Racism hurts kids’ mental health,” USA Today, May 6, p. 5D

Ellis, A., Harper, R.(1961) A Guide to Rational Living-Third Edition. Hollywood, CA: Melvin Powers Wilshire Book Company

Ellis, A., Powers, M.G. (2000) The Secret of Overcoming Verbal Abuse. Chatsworth, CA: Wilshire

Espelage, D., Swearer, S.M. (2004; eds.) Bullying in American Schools: A Social-Ecological Perspective on Prevention and Intervention. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Inc.

Evans, P. (1993) Verbal Abuse Survivors Speak Out. Avon, MA: Adams Media Corporation

F

Festinger, L. (1954) “A theory of social comparison processes,” Human Relations, 7, 117-40

Fox, J.A. et al. (2003) Bullying Prevention is Crime Prevention. Washington, DC: Fight Crime: Invest in Kids

G

Gaidos, S. (2009) “When humor humiliates,” Science News, Vol. 176(3):18-22, August 1

Garbarino, J., deLara, E. (2002) And Words Can Hurt Forever: How to Protect Adolescents from Bullying, Harrassment, and Educational Violence.’ New York: The Free Press

Garofalo, R., Wolf, C., Kessel, S., Palfrey, J. DuRant, R.H. (1998) “The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents.” Pediatrics, 101 (5): 895-902

Gilligan, J. (1997) Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic. New York: Random House

Girls Scout Research Institute (2003) Feeling Safe: What Girls Say

Gluszek, A. (2010) “Accents trump skin color,” Scientific American Mind, March/April, Vol. 21(1 ):12

H

Hall, M. (2011) “White house conference tackles bullying,” USA Today, March 10, p. 2A

Harter, S. (1983) “Developmental perspectives on the self-system.” In E.M. Hetherington (Ed.) Handbook of Child Psychology-Vol. IV: Socialization, Personality and Social Development. New York: Wiley.

Haynie, D.L. et al. (2001) “Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of youth at risk.” Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 29-50

Hampson, R. (2010) “A watershed’ case in school bullying?” USA Today, April 5, p. 1A, 2A

Heller, M. (2011) “The uncertain life and premature death of Daniel Mendez,” Orange Coast Magazine, June, pp. 82-87

Hellmich, N. (2010) “Chubby kids bullied more often.” USA Today, may 3, p. 7D

Hoffman, A. (1996) Schools, Violence, and Society. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group

Hollandsworth, S. (2011) “Playground rules,” Texas Monthly, June, pp. 74-81

Hollis, J. (2007) Why Good People Do Bad Things. New York: Penguin Publishing

Hoover, J.H., Oliver, R., Hazier, R.J. (1992) “Bullying: Perceptions of adolescent victims in the Midwestern USA.” Sch psychol Int., 13:5-16

Hoover, J.H., Oliver, R.L., Thomson, K.A. (1993) “Perceived victimization by school bullies: New research and future direction.” Journal of Human Educational Development, 32, 76-84

Hutson, M. (2008) “Top of the heap,” Psychology Today, Vol. 41(6): 49, Dec.

I

Isakson, K., Jarvis, P. (1999) “The adjustment of adolescents during the transition into high school: A short-term longitudinal study.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 1-26

J

Jacobson, M. (1999) “The generation gap in my living room.” New York, May 17, 32(19), 26-28

Jayson, S. (2010) “Teens say bullying is widespread.” USA Today, Oct. 26, p. 1 A

Jayson, S. (2010, Aug. 17) Dad’s determine how sons will handle stress,” USA Today, 6D

Jenkins, E.J., Bell, C.C. (1994) “Violence exposure, psychological distress, and high risk behaviors among inner-city high school students.” In J. Friedman (Ed.) Anxiety Disorders in African-Americans (pp. 76-88). New York: Springer

Jones, C. (2012) “How to beat a bully,” Esquire, June/July, .p. 152

K

Kerr, M., Stattin, H. (2000) “What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescents adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretatior of monitoring.”  Developmental Psychology, 36(3), 366-380

Kidscape (1999) “Kidscape survey: Long-term effects of bullying.” Kidscape Children’s Charity, Accessed Online

Kluger, B. (2012, Jan. 25) “Bullying: Are we defenseless?” USA Today, p. 11A

Kornblum, J. (2008) “Cyberbullying grows bigger and meaner.” USA Today, p. 1D, July 15

Krakovsky, M. (2010) “Mixed impressions,” Scientific American Mind, Jan./ Feb., vol. 20(7):12

L

Larsen, E.F. (2009) “Ethical fitness,” Family Circle, Oct. 1, pp. 45-50

Lehrer, J. (2010) “Under pressure,” Wired, August, pp. 130-137, 146

M

Marano, H.E. (2008) “Holding patterns,” Psychology Today, Sept., Vol. 41(5): 51

Matheny, K. (2010) “Schools tackle teacher-on-teacher bullying,” USA Today, April 7, p. 3A

Mayo Clinic (2001) “Headline Watch: One-third of U.S. Kids affected by bullying.” Mayo Foundation for Medical, Education and Research (MEMER)

McAndrew, F.T. (2008) “Can gossip be good?” Scientific American Mind, Vol. 19, No.5, pp. 26-33, Oct./Nov.

Meizner, I. (1987) “Sonographic observation of in utero fetal ‘masturbation.'” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 6(2):111

Mooney, C. (2011) “We can’t handle the truth,” Mother Jones, May/June, pp. 40-45

Moor, A. (1991) The Pathogenic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse As Compared to that of Other Types of Childhood Trauma: The Role of Disclosure, Response To Disclosure, and Narcissistic Parenting. Boulder, CO: Univ. of Colorado

Moran, G. (2011) “Bullying gets a beat-down,” Entrepreneur, Jan., p. 58

N

Nansel, T.R. et al. (2001) “Bullying behaviors among US Youth: Prevalence and Association with psychological adjustment.” JAMA, April 25, Vol. 285 (10): 2094-2100

Noddings, N. (1992) The Challenge to Care in Schools: An Alternative Approach to Education. New York: Teachers College Press

O

Olweus, W D. (1992) “Bullying among schoolchildren: Intervention and prevention.” In R. D. Peters, R.J., McMahon & V.L. Quinsey (Eds.) Aggression and Violence Throughout the Life Span. London, England: Sage, pp. 100-125

Olweus, D. (1994) “Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program.” In L.R. Huesmann (Ed.) Aggressive Behabior: Current Perspectives. New York, NY: plenum Press, pp. 9xR 97-130

P

Paul, A.M. (2011) “Life after high school.” Time, June 20, pp. 38-43

PBS (2009) Nightly Business Report, Nov. 16

PBS (2010) In the Life, Aired March 27

Perry, B.D. (1997) “Incubated in terror: Neurodevelopmental factors the ‘cycle of violence.'” In Children in a Violent Society, ed. J. Osofsky, New York: Guilford Press

Phan, A. (2012, Jan. 6) “A soldier’s death, bullying, and bias.” USA Today, 9A

Pratt, P. Tallis, F., Eysenck, M. (1997) “Information processing, storage characteristics and worry.” Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35 (11): 1015-1033

Q

Quill, E. (2009)” “Bullies’ brains empathize, sort of,” Science News, 175 ( 6 ) : 1 9, March 1 4

R

Rivers, 1., Smith, P.K. (1994) “Types of bullying behavior and their correlates.” Aggressive Behavior, 20, 359-368

Ruble, D.N. (1983) “The development of social comparison processes and their role in achievement-related self-socialization.” In E. T. Higgins, D.N. Ruble & W.W. Hartup (Eds.) Social Cognition and Social Behavior: Developmental Perspectives. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press

Runyan et ale (1988) “Impact on legal intervention on sexually abused· children.” Journal of Pediatrics, 113, 647-653

Rusk, T., Rusk, N. (1988) Mind Traps. Los Angeles, CA: Price Stern Sloan Pub.

S

Schmader, T., Johns, M. (2003) “Conveying evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3), 440-452

Seale, A. (2004) The 411 on Bullying. Hamilton Fish Institute/ George Washington University

Seligson, H. (2008) “The rise of body snarking,” Wall Street Journal, May 16

Shannon, S. (1993) “Why girls don’t want to go to school,” Working Mother, Nov., p. 60

Slaby, A., Garfinkel, L.F. (1994) No One Saw My Pain: Why Teens Kill Themselves. New York: W.W. Norton & Company

Slater, P.E. (1976) The Pursuit of Loneliness-Revised Edition. Beacon Press

Smith, N. (2010) Understanding Bullying. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension/The Family Education Collaberative, Durham, NH

Stamatakis, J. (2012) “Ask the brains: Why does exercise make us feel good?” Scientific American Mind, Vol. 23(3):72, July/August

Starr, L. (2003) Bullying Intervention Strategies That Work (Electronic Version). Education World, www.education-world.com

Stoddart, T., Turiel, E. (1985) “Children’s concept of cross gender activities.” Child Development, 56, 1241-1252

Sullovan, K., Cleary, M., Sullovan, J. (2004) What We Know About Bullying in Secondary Schools. Paul Chapman Publishing

Svoboda, E. (2014) “Virtual Assault,” Scientific American Mind, Nov./Dec., Vol. 25(6):46-53

Swearer, S., Delucia-Waack, J. (2010) “How to curb school bullying in Massachusetts,” June 28 Time Magazine, p. 12

Szabo, L. (2012, May 2) “Family copes with autism as a team,” USA Today, 2D

T

Taylor, S.E., Lobel, M. (1989) “Social comparison activity under threat: Downward elevation and upward contacts.” Psychological Review, 96, 569-75

Tesser, A., Smith, J. (1980) “Some effects of task relevance and friendship on helping: You don’t always help the one you like.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16: 582-90

Toppo, G. (2008) “Meanness appears to rub off on viewers.” USA Today, Sept. 16, p. 4D

Personality and Social Psychology, 85, pp

Toppo, G. (2012, June 13) “Bullies as criminals?” USA Today, p. 1A, 2A

Turley, J. (2008) “Bullying’s day in court,” USA Today, July 15, p. 13A

Twenge, J., 1m, C. (2006) “Changes in the need for social approval, 1958-2001.” Journal of Research in Personality, April

Twenge, J.M. et al. (2003) “Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self awareness.” Journal of . 409-23

U – V

Vossekuil, B. et al. (2002) The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Secret Service and the United States Dept. of Education

Velin, B. (2012, March 15) “Between bouts, Martinez fights against bullying,” USA Today, 9C

USA Today (2012, March 30) “Bully: A harrowing study of teen cruelty,” p. 3D

W

Walsh, D. (2007)  “No: Why Kids of All Ages Need to Hear It and Ways Parents Can Say It.”  New York: Free Press

Webley, K. (2011) “A separate peace?” Time, Oct. 24, pp. 42-46

Week, the (2010, April 9) “Generation me, myself and I,” p. 22

Week, the (2010, Nov. 12) “Battling bullies,” p. 15

Week, the (2011, June 10) “Why we love gossip,” p. 24

Welch, W.M. (2008, May 16) “Woman indicted in ‘cyberbu11ying’ case,” USA Today, 3A

Weller, S. (2011) “The bullying stops here,” Glamour, Feb., pp. 117-118

Wiseman, R. (2010) “Bully pulpit,” Family Circle, Sept., pp. 94-98

Wiseman, R. (2009) Queen Bees & Wannabes,

Wiseman, R. (2006) Queen Bee Moms & Kingpin Dads,

Wykes, S.L. (2007) “Internet bullying the rage for teens.” Denver Post, July 2

Y Z

Yuhas, D. (2012) “Emotions in lockstep,” Scientific American Mind, May/ June, Vol. 23(2):13

Zaslow, J. (2010) “Before You Gossip, ask Yourself This…” Wall Street Journal, Jan. 6, p. B7